Although there is no doubt that introduced mammals have had profound and pervasive effects, determination of the magnitudes of these effects on the native forests is surprisingly difficult. The impact of introduced browsing and grazing mammals on the vegetation of New Zealand is widely perceived as an ecological disaster involving severe depletion of the plant cover and widespread accelerated erosion. Although New Zealand lacks native terrestrial mammals (except for two species of bats), more than 50 species of mammals have been introduced by human beings and have become established since the late eighteenth century.
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